A Guide to Internet Privacy Laws and Ethics Essay Example for Free

A Guide to Internet Privacy Laws and Ethics Essay With data frameworks, security manages the assortment and use or abuse of information More and more data on us all is being gathered, put away, utilized, and shared among associations Who claims this data and information? Protection is a status wherein an individual can take a shot at his/her data in segregation, bringing about a particular disclosure of ones personality and data. Security can mean namelessness in the event that an individual needs to stay unidentified. Protection can likewise be identified with the security part of an individual or data. The meanings of security can contrast across people and societies. The attack of protection can be maintained a strategic distance from by the issue of security laws. Web Privacy and Ethics Utilizing the Internet regularly includes the utilization of person to person communication destinations, email offices and the peruse of different sites. Web security goes ahead the scene with regards to site clients giving out their own subtleties on the Internet. For specific sites, which encourage web based shopping, the clients are made to include their charge card numbers. If there should arise an occurrence of messaging destinations, there are issues about whether outsiders ought to be permitted to store or read messages without educated assent. Regardless of whether, the outsiders ought to be allowed to follow the guests on a site, is another significant protection concern. The other significant Internet protection issue is whether the destinations that accumulate by and by recognizable data from the clients should store or offer it. Web security can be considered as a subset of PC protection. PC security comprises of the information protection identifying with the evasion of the ill-advised exposure of the actually recognizable data gathered and put away by sites. The successful sharing of information while securing the private data is the genuine test. Protection and the Internet * Huge potential for protection attack on the Internet * E-mail messages * Visiting a Web webpage * Buying items over the Internet * Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P): screening innovation * Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 1998: requires security strategies and parental assent * Potential threats on long range informal communication Web locales Email Privacy * Federal law grants bosses to screen email sent and got by representatives * E-mail messages that have been eradicated from hard circles can be recovered and utilized in claims * Use of email among open authorities may damage â€Å"open meeting† laws PC Matching is a mass observation procedure including the examination of information about numerous individuals, which has been obtained from different sources. Its utilization offers potential advantages, especially money related investment funds. It is likewise blunder inclined, and its capacity brings about dangers to built up examples and qualities. The goals of proficiency and value request that PC coordinating be utilized, and the data protection intrigue requests that it be utilized just where legitimized, and be exposed to compelling controls Computer coordinating is the examination of machine-comprehensible records containing individual information identifying with numerous individuals, so as to recognize instances of intrigue. The method is called PC coordinating in the United States, and information coordinating in Australia and Canada. In spite of the fact that the last term is maybe more helpfully unmistakable, the United States term is increasingly regular in the writin g, and is utilized in this paper. The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (5 U.S.C. 552a(o) et seq.) revised the Privacy Act by depicting the way in which PC coordinating including Federal organizations could be performed and by including certain securities for people applying for and accepting Federal advantages. As revised by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act, the Privacy Act requires Federal offices associated with PC coordinating projects to: Negotiate composed concurrences with the other office or offices taking part in the coordinating projects; Obtain the significant Data Integrity Boards endorsement of the match understandings; Outfit point by point reports about coordinating projects to Congress and OMB; Notify candidates and recipients that their records are liable to coordinating; and Verify coordinate discoveries before diminishing, suspending, ending, or denying a people advantages or installments. In spite of the fact that the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act surely includes nitty gritty techniques, including dark Data Integrity Boards, it is presumably generally outstanding for the way that it organizes sharing of information among central government offices. Data gathered for one reason might be utilized for various purposes by an alternate government organization. In spite of the fact that uprightness and reasonableness appear to be guaranteed by the Act, security isn't. Flaring otherwise called slamming, is threatening and offending collaboration between Internet clients, regularly including the utilization of obscenity. Flaring as a rule happens in the social setting of an Internet gathering, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Usenet, by email, game servers, for example, Xbox Live or PlayStation Network, and on video-sharing sites. It is oftentimes the consequence of the conversation of warmed true issues, for example, legislative issues, religion, and theory, or of issues that spellbind subpopulations, yet can likewise be incited by apparently inconsequential contrasts Spam is regularly viewed as electronic garbage mail or garbage newsgroup postings. A few people characterize spam much more for the most part as any spontaneous email. Be that as it may, if a tragically deceased sibling finds your email address and sends you a message, this could barely be called spam, despite the fact that it is spontaneous. Genuine spam is by and large email promoting for some item sent to a mailing list or newsgroup.

Act 1 Screen Play Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Act 1 Screen Play Writing - Essay Example He keeps on strolling quickly towards the parking spot that is a traffic light away from the gambling club. He proceeds with his battle to arrive at his safe house; the vehicle which can assist him with escaping from the normal hazard. On his way to the vehicle, he thinks (every one of his musings outwardly show up on the screen) that he has won genuinely by expressing to the men in the gambling club that â€Å"I realize how to play cards† and afterward in a split second reviews his cherished recollections (shows up on the screen in an obscure impression), when his dad used to take him to gambling clubs at an early age. (His dad is appeared on the screen) - instructing him stunts identified with cards. He at that point articulates the words â€Å"I simply under-sold myself before the men†; All this is angering him seriously which is appeared through his non-verbal communication. The second he arrives at his vehicle, a shrieking sound of the feels worn out on a vehicle is heard. Joey promptly turns around however then surges towards his vehicle inside no time; yet when he opens it with his trembling hands, a dark Chevy Pick truck stops close to him and three genuine enormous Chinese folks; Bao, Jiang, and Gan, come out of the truck. Joey’s face communicates every one of his reservations and fears at that point. Gan runs towards Joey and crushes his head seriously on the vehicle. Every one of them begin hitting Joey generally and afterward one of them grabs the cash from Joey. A demeanor of alleviation fills Joey’s face, as he anticipates that them should leave. In any case, the following second, Joey’s face appears to be hopeless as Gan pulls out a forty-gauge handgun and yells, â€Å"You Gringo†. Joey (with outrageous disappointment displayed through his face) shuts his eyes and feels the most recent seconds of his life. The following second, a sound of shot is heard and Joey fells down with blood overflowing out of his chest like a cascade. The truck vanishes in obscurity leaving Joey lying at the intersection of Edison Street and the screen gradually passes out with the hints of police

The Impossible Budget Deficit Essay Example for Free

The Impossible Budget Deficit Essay In his article, â€Å"Trouble, Trouble, Debt, and Bubble,† Tabb (2006) composes that the United States is bringing in unmistakably more than it is exporting.â The high utilization of the United States is expected basically to the explanation that the rich individuals of the nation must keep up their privileged status and exclusive expectations of living.â But the nation isn't procuring enough to help its expenditure.â At some time, the United States would likewise get unfit to pay the enthusiasm on the outside obligation that today is utilizing to keep up its high utilization.  The nation may get bankrupt at such time, and the remainder of the world would endure in light of the fact that it would not have the United States to purchase its products.  â â â While the author’s investigation bodes well, I would not accuse the privileged customer specifically for keeping up high consumption.â I accept that the industrialist or the business of the United States is similarly responsible.â The creator likewise specifies the connection of the U.S. dollar’s incentive to the worldwide economy.â A reduction in the interest for U.S. dollars can prompt a devaluation of the estimation of the cash regarding another country’s currency.â Indeed, the fall of the U.S. dollar would end up being a revile for the worldwide economy, despite the fact that it might profit the U.S. economy for quite a while (Tabb).  By making U.S. trades less expensive to different nations, it would build the total interest for U.S. products which would thus give the United States the pay that it needs to fuel high consumption.â The United States can plan to lessen its present record shortfall and exchange deficiency through the decay of the dollar, for clearly making U.S. products and enterprises less expensive to outside shippers might just build the total interest of U.S. products and ventures, in this way energizing the development of the U.S. economy.â Still, the advantages to the U.S. economy may in the long run be counterbalanced by a fall in the total gracefully of remote products into the U.S. showcase, seeing as outside countries would remain to lose by offering to the U.S. shopper market and confronting a decreased dollar esteem consequently.  â â â Tabb doesn't offer genuine answers for the issue that the U.S. economy is looking at present.â All the equivalent, clearly the whole worldwide economy is in peril due to the difficulties confronting the United States economy.â Thus, Tabb’s article offers nourishment for genuine thought.â It is staggering, yet fundamental to consider. References Tabb, W. T. (2006). â€Å"Trouble, Trouble, Debt, and Bubble.† Monthly Review, Vol. 58, Number 1. Recovered Nov 25, 2007 from http://www.monthlyreview.org/0506tabb.htm.

The Impact of Nursing Shortage on the Healthcare Industry Research Paper

The Impact of Nursing Shortage on the Healthcare Industry - Research Paper Example Populace Aging and Increase Demand of Nurse’s 13 2. Assortment of Career Options 13 3. Human services Cost Demands 13 4. Money related Assistance 14 5. Workplace and Workload 14 Research Question 14 Chapter 2: Literature Review 14 Introduction 14 Nursing Staff Shortage and the Hospital Management 15 The Financial Crises and Nurse Shortages 15 Nursing Shortage Solution 16 Future Recommendation 17 Conclusion 18 Chapter 3: Methodology 19 Introduction 19 Evaluation Methods and Tools 19 Reliability and Validity 20 Maintenance of Data Integrity 20 Research Design 22 Research Methods 23 Participants in the Research 24 Obtaining of Permission 25 Chapter 4: Data investigation 26 Introduction 26 Results 27 List of Tables Table 1: Results List of figures Figure 1: Nurses rating dependent on consumer loyalty Figure 2: National Supply and Demand projections for FTE RNs, 2000 to 2015 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Problem Introduction The deficiency of intense consideration attendants had b een one of the essential worries in the social insurance industry over the world. The issue made a generous effect on the wellness exercises proficiency in medical clinics and human services communities. A few investigations have indicated that the nursing graduates entering in the nursing calling and the individuals who are still in the occupation were insufficient to encourage the medical clinics and patients. The human services proficient deficiency was one of the central obstacles in the accomplishment of United Nation’s Millennium Development objectives to evacuate neediness, hunger, improvement of training frameworks, decrease in bleakness, and mortality as written in the rules of the year 2004 that are given by the universal nursing board (Littlejohn, Campbell and Collins-McNeil, 2012). The issue of lack of intense consideration medical caretakers had a connection to the previous chronicled staffing, arrangement, assets, nursing request estimation, and nursing worries for medicinal services administrations of a nation. The issue of lack of medical attendants was not effectively quantifiable and requests phenomenal arranging and necessities. The relative deficiencies included the availability of qualified and gifted experts for the opportunity; be that as it may, they didn't meet other standards for work (Dinsdale, 2004). The supreme deficiency speaks to a circumstance that needed accessibility of gifted individuals for a specific opening. The deficiencies may incorporate the effect of reasonable thought, geological position, maintenance, and enlistment challenges fulfilling the substitution needs. The difficulties to determine nurture related issues included composed approaches and bundle improvement to give long haul and continued arrangements (Buchan and Aiken, 2008). The nursing necessity could be satisfied through the advancement of training just as by the accessibility of offices for the expert medical attendants to convey adequate considera tion to patients. It could additionally help with improving the network wellbeing and to pull in more customers to the medicinal services ventures. As indicated by the â€Å"Health Resources and Services Administration† HRSA report (2006) it was normal that the deficiency of attendants would raise up to one million till the year 2020. The

The Night that Changed Everything - Free Essay Example

The Night that Changed Everything The Boston Massacre was a tragic event in American history that helped lead America to become an independent country. The Boston Massacre was a fight that broke out in 1770 in Boston, Massachusetts, that ended with British soldiers killing five American colonists. While the actual cause of the Boston Massacre is still debated even today, one of the likely causes was the crowd antagonizing the soldiers. The killing of the colonists resulted in one of the most famous trials in history. Like the people in Boston who were protesting British taxation, people today still protest. However, protests should be done peacefully, not violently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the trial, evidence was presented and people testified for both sides. Some of the most convincing pieces of evidence were the testimonies that the British soldiers fired in self-defense, and that they thought that their captain said the word Fire. Defending lawyer John Adams argued that the soldiers had the right to protect themselves and that they fired because they felt threatened. Even though they were charged with murder, Adams said that the most they should be charged with manslaughter. In the end, two soldiers were indeed convicted of manslaughter, and the others, including Captain Preston, were acquitted, all dropping out of the military.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The causes of the massacre were complicated. Even before the massacre, many people of the colonies hated the British because they felt they were taxed too much and some even wanted independence. The day before the massacre, British soldiers walked up to John Grays Ropewalk looking for jobs, but when they were given the job of cleaning, they were offended. They got into a fight with John Gray and his men, who defeated them. The next day, the British soldiers came back with more men and were overpowered again. This provoked the civilians because they thought the soldiers were too aggressive, and it also provoked the soldiers. The massacre occurred because the civilians thought that the soldiers would kill them because of the events at the Ropewalk, but it was also the result of years of frustration of over taxation. Mobs and violent actions are never justified to protest laws even if those laws are passed legally. Protesting peacefully will accomplish more without resorting to violence. Some protests are understandable if a law discriminates against people of a certain gender, religion, or sexual orientation. People protest to increase the visibility of a certain cause they believe in. For example, Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi used their words instead of using violence to be heard. Protests can also make people energized and excited. This allows people with the same beliefs to protest together and feel that they are part of a bigger community. The right to peacefully protest is a fundamental right in our democracy and provides a way to voice beliefs on a large scale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although people still debate many of the events related to the Boston Massacre, there is no question that the events show the major disagreements between the Colonists and the British. The tensions between the two sides resulted in the death of 5 colonists, the rise of John Adams, and the Colonists desire for independence.

Parenthetical Pillars The Subtleties of Phrasing and Identity in Hunger of Memory - Literature Essay Samples

Richard Rodriguez’s autobiographical Hunger of Memory outlines his intellectual development from early childhood to adulthood. As the title suggests, Rodriguez recounts and reflects upon the various memories of importance to this development. He simultaneously addresses political topics — arguing against bilingual education and affirmative action — while establishing the story of his own identity as a complex architecture connecting his Mexican-American background to his class to his religion to his body to his profession as a writer. He does this all while switching between either side of various fenestrations separating his public and private lives. Though he discusses each of these pillars distinctly, he complicates his identity and paradoxically constructs an anomalous architecture of a mutable self through intentionally inconsistent argumentation and observable changes in his own language. Ultimately, his identity as a hyper-Americanized Mexican-American for ms the most important cornerstone in his confounded self; his uses of parenthetical phrases throughout discussions of other aspects of his identity act as windows between his public and private lives and as solipsistic expressions of the part of himself he can only convey through his writing. Rodriguez’s descriptions of his early childhood contain parenthetical phrases reflective of the nascence of the clash between his public and private lives, stemming from his earliest conceptualizations of language. Describing his private home life, he keeps them mostly short, using several single words in parentheses, amplifying their preceding modified element. He remembers that he would â€Å"hear [his] mother call out. . . in Spanish (words)† (16), ironically calling attention to— rather than de-emphasizing— the idea of â€Å"words†, thus beginning to show their importance to his development. Already he begins to intermix his early education with notions of his private racial identity, their relationship contributing also to his affinity for language. Yet, at the same time, he employs the nature of parenthetical punctuation to separate the two, distinctly referring to his first language, â€Å"Spanish†, and to â€Å"words†, or langu age in general, as separate entities. Similarly he layers the public and private components of his identity when he writes that â€Å"inside the house [he] would resume (assume) [his] place in the family† (16). In this case his parenthetical â€Å"assume† redefines â€Å"resume†, creating an uncertainty regarding the nature of his home life; the parenthesis are a window into the interior private life of his home, yet he must â€Å"assume† this private identity. Thus he defines his private life in terms of his public audience, whom he is inextricably aware of. Evolving from brief expressions of his private life among his public struggles, Rodriguez’s parenthetical phrases turn into solipsistic expressions of his own struggle to discover his identity but maintain an emphasis on the role that his own writing and understanding of language played in that struggle. Discussing his use of the English language as a child, he â€Å"couldn’t believe that the English language was [his] to use,† expanding in parentheses that â€Å"[he] did not want to believe it† (18). This contrast between this disbelief and absence of desire to believe reflects the solipsistic struggle to convey his sense of identity as a variable structure. Adding layers to his writing and to his identity, often redefining his own statements to confound public and private, his syntax parallels his constantly changing identity. But alternating with these seemingly decisive redefinitions, Rodriguez uses parentheses to pose equally broad questions about his own self. To these questions he often grants a greater degree of syntactic autonomy, as they exist independent of any non-parenthetical sentence. It is with these questions that he digs even deeper the foundation on which the structure of his identity stands; they create a layer beyond public and private as he asks himself— â€Å"Did I somehow suspect. . .† (19)— speaking to some hyper-personalized self which he can only express by creating such an extra, language-based layer. The opposite uses of parentheses he employs— both as means to define and to broaden — further complicate the architectural subtleties of his identity, and support his underlying political argument against the idea of a generic, static identity based solely-upon race or background, but still inextricable from them. While he establishes these patterns in his use of parentheticals— typically using them to access more deeply personal, and private, aspects of himself— his uses them in a drastically different way when he discusses his religious identity. In this sense they initially have a neutral and rather technical function in his language; he uses them to provide information about possibly esoteric knowledge of Catholicism. He clarifies the nature of â€Å"the unforgivable sin (against the holy ghost)† (88); distinguishes â€Å"the dangers of mixed marriage (between a Catholic and a non-Catholic)† (83). These phrases, however, evolve into a pattern of public expression, sometimes literally assuming the voice of a person from Rodriguez’s public life. In switching to using parentheticals to stand for the intensely public— as opposed to the intensely private —aspects of his identity, as he switches from discussing the â€Å"Aria† of his develo pment to his religious background and awakening, Rodriguez further illustrates the complexity of his identity as a collection of related but evolving pieces. However, even as he does this, he allows his identity as a writer to influence both public and private, referring still to â€Å"the sounds† of the words spoken by the nuns at church. Yet at the same time as he bridges the gap between between his public lives, his use of parentheticals continues to divide them— rather than including the information without parentheses, he isolates them with punctuation in order to argue for the importance of their separation without losing the dynamic relationship they have with one another. Rodriguez’s self-construction of his identity is unquestionably intentionally convoluted. He establishes patterns in language to reflect ideas of his public and private lives only to change said patterns entirely in ways that can only be intended to draw attention to the points of variation. His parenthetical phrases act as much more than ways to emphasize or separate certain pieces of information, but rather as ports through which he reveals the nature of his hyper-personal inner self or his hyper-public observations. As a common device throughout his discussions the various aspects of his identity, the phrases he chooses to put in parentheses act as pillars cornering them, connection them like rooms in a home. Through his frequent flips in meaning he successfully constructs a detailed architectural identity, unable to be understood only by a single room — race, religion, class, language— but perfectly complex under closer examination of all elements together.

Television An Effective Job Of Depicting Real World...

Television has always been a big influence in American everyday life. From there being shows about doctors, military, or even policemen. However, not everything in these shows is a very accurate portrayal of the real world. On the other hand, some of the things are real or based on something off the real world. Shows like â€Å"First 48,† â€Å"COPS,† and the movie â€Å"End of Watch† show the audience a glimpse at what real detective work might be like. My father works for Homeland Security; which would make him a direct source of how the real world is. I believe that â€Å"First 48,† â€Å"COPS,† and â€Å"End of Watch† do an effective job of depicting real world detective/ police work. This is important because television influences many of the decisions we make in our lives. â€Å"First 48† is a show that deals with detectives that are called to crime scenes. The show documents the first hours of homicides in different cities. The ir job is to evaluate the scene; look for any clues that may be of help. This is a very important step in solving murders. They have to be on the lookout for foot prints, bullet casings, and many other things that could help solve a crime. Although the show isn’t always accurate, it catches the essence of what criminal scene investigators actual do. â€Å"First 48† depicts the parts that would intrigue an audience, rather than have the audience watch the long process of what really happens. Another show that exemplifies police work in the real world would be the show â€Å"COPS.† TheShow MoreRelatedWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 PagesIntroduction: * Engage in a detailed analysis of a text * Understanding of how the ideas, forms and language of a text interact within the text and may affect those responding to it. * Students will need an understanding of film techniques and of the police drama genre. Important aspects to know: * Visual techniquesenhance understanding of characters * Editing techniquescreate suspense, establish characters, create atmosphere, position viewers to respond in a particular way * Narrative structureplotRead MoreA Literature Review On Trust6131 Words   |  25 Pagesnoted sociologist Giovanni Sartor (Sartor, 2003). Sartor stated if there was no trust, co-operation would end, and the whole fabric of society would collapse. Trust can be defined as the â€Å"belief that someone or something is reliable, good, honest, effective.† High levels of trust promote healthy interactions, whereas low levels of trust undermine constructive relationships. Trust in law enforcement is essential for the belief in the legitimacy of law enforcement, or feeling of obligation to obey theRead MoreTrial by Fire16438 Words   |  66 Pagesstreet to get help he found a stick and broke the children’s bedroom window. Fire lashed through the hole. He broke another window; flames burst through it, too, and he retreated into the yard, kneeling in front of the house. A neighbor later told police that Willingham intermittently cried, â€Å"My babies!† then fell silent, as if he had â€Å"blocked the fire out of his mind.† Diane Barbee, returning to the scene, could feel intense heat radiating off the house. Moments later, the five windows of the children’sRead MoreTrial by Fire16445 Words   |  66 Pagesstreet to get help he found a stick and broke the children’s bedroom window. Fire lashed through the hole. He broke another window; flames burst through it, too, and he retreated into the yard, kneeling in front of the house. A neighbor later told police that Willingham intermittently cried, â€Å"My babies!† then fell silent, as if he had â€Å"blocked the fire out of his mind.† Diane Barbee, returning to the scene, could feel intense heat radiating off the house. Moments later, the five windows of the children’sRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pageschallenge the group’s answers, provide alternative answers, and chip in with additional answers not provided by the selected group. Since the group that presents is not selected until after the time has expired, students are motivated to do a good job, as they will be presenting to their peers. The value of this activity is not in arriving at a â€Å"right answer† as there are many right answers and student answers will vary. Instead, it is in thinking through the issues presented in Table 1-2 (businessRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesobserving from afar or finding a participant-observer role in the setting, some contexts may present dangers. Street ethnography is a term that describes research settings which can be dangerous, either physically or emotionally, such as working with the police (as Manning did, described in Chapter 3), drug users, cults, and situations in which political or social tensions may erupt into violence (Weppner, 1977). Observations involve more than just â€Å"hanging out.† Planful and self-aware observers use observationRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this

Effective Communication Within The Workplace - 1254 Words

Introduction In life, individuals who work often find that in order to operate effectively within a workplace their must be effective communication between staff and managers from front line managers to high end managers. However, in workplaces all around the world. Employees often fail to address employees effectively and often as a direct result. Employees either make mistakes or purposely choose to disregard orders. To reinforce this statement managers still evaluate that there is a clear failure of effective communication within the workplace still is a large problem. Because of this communication in the workplace is now being seen as a cornerstone for effective productivity and a positive employee-employer relationship as well as for profit and non-profit organisations (Marques, 2010). As both a direct and indirect result issues arise from poor communication and can be detrimental to the success and productivity of an organisation. It is the role of management on all levels of the organisa tion to prevent this from occurring. Interpersonal is the way in which individuals converse information, feelings, and meaning through one or both verbal and non-verbal messages. Interpersonal communication is often perceived to be face to face contact. Where often it is generally presumed that this type of communication in fact is assumed to be spoken language however, it is not actually what is said, but in fact the way in which language is delivered and perceived by others. ThisShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication Within A Workplace854 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication skills are very important no matter where or who you are. Communication within a workplace can determine whether a business or individual is successful or not. Understanding effective communication in a medical setting helps hospitals and doctor offices develop a work environment that is able to communicate effectively with coworker, patients and doctors in order to take of the patients needs. Listening, clarity and Patience are three main keys to effective communication within aRead MoreEffective Communication Within The Workplace1848 Words   |  8 Pagesorganisational communication; it is the communication that happens within the organisational, whether it is face to face communication or video conferences communication. It is important to note that if organisations do not communicate the right information, in the right way, to the right people, at the right time, this could create problems and have an impact on the level of effectiveness and efficiency. In essence, there is therefore a need for effective communication within the workplace. 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Communication derived from businesses will have listeners that include, but are not limited to customers, employees, suppliers, and the community (Caddy et al.). These listeners contribute to the success of a firm, which is why there isRead MoreThe Effects Of Effective Communication On Job Performance1680 Words   |  7 PagesWhen asked to write a reflective think piece describing a single communication issue as it pertains to the organization in which I work, the Employment Development Department, I decided to delve into the to pic of effective communication, especially in regards to job expectations. I choose this particular aspect of communication because it is one of my divisions biggest complaints in regards to management or the lack there of, and I want to better understand how to avoid miscommunicating with fellowRead MoreThe Importance Of An Undergraduate Business Management Student1535 Words   |  7 Pagesever-changing business world, a key component to the productivity within the workplace is communication. As an undergraduate business management student, an important part of communication is understanding the difference between maintaining the faà §ade of an authoritative figure or maintaining a friendly relationship with employees and how it would affect the attitudes, behaviors, productivity and quality of work. In order create a successful workplace environment, finding and establishing a middle ground betweenRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities. I n a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communication, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes that are essential in workplace citizenship because it promotes a healthy relationship between health professionals, patients and improve the nursing workplace. Communication is the exchanging information

Women s Rights Of Islam Essay - 1810 Words

Women’s Rights in Islam: In his farewell address, Muhammad said, â€Å"Treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers.† Although he advocated for equal rights among sexes, for centuries, the portrayal of the lives of women in many Islamic societies has been that of inequality, prejudice, and injustice. However, these injustices do not reflect the religion’s values and traditions but rather the national and political regulations that have been adapted over time. Shortly after Muhammad’s death, political rulers began to embrace their own traditions and adaptations of the Muslim culture. Although gender inequality may be perceived as a major issue today in Muslim culture, the teachings of the Qur’an promote gender equality and were very progressive for their time. The role of women in society, their marriage rights, and their right to decide to wear or not wear the hijab have been controversial topics for years. However, the Hadith, Qurâ₠¬â„¢an, and other early teachings of early Islamic societies shed light on each of these issues. Ultimately, though, the role of women in Islamic society failed to fully materialize after the Prophet Muhammad’s death. Islam was the first religion that noted equal rights of women when legislation clearly established them as independent beings, and during Muhammad’s time, women even held noteworthy positions in society. Khadija, one of Muhammad’s wives, was a successful business women and played a prominent roleShow MoreRelatedWomen ´s Right in Islam 759 Words   |  4 PagesSurah IV is an explanation and list of women’s rights pertaining to laws, inheritance and marriage and also touches on families in general. Vss. 19-39 is an important passage because it is the groundwork for marriage and women’s rights in the marriage. 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The Career As A Musician - 1231 Words

Music may be a universal medium, but musician are far from all being treated equally. It has become nearly impossible to make it in the music industry, and those who do often will not succeed for very long. Yet, it is still an illusive field and one that society depends on for entertainment. By creating documentaries about musicians, viewers get a behind the scenes look at what being a musician truly entails, whether it is good or bad. For Ken Vandermark, his career as a musician is a struggle, as documented by Daniel Kraus’s Musician, because of his niche genre for contemporary society. Madonna, on the other hand, has created a career as a pop icon, as documented by Alek Keshishian’s Madonna: Truth or Dare, which may be financially successful, but is not always rewarding. Both Kraus and Keshishian employ similar tactics for their respective documentaries; however, through the use of different camera angles, relations to the subject, and display of live music, they are able to provide unique insight into the artists they are following. Throughout Musician, Kraus uses multiple camera angles in order to develop the narrative of the documentary. His two most frequently used, extreme close ups and wide angle, are both frequently found throughout the film to create poignant moments in the film. Extreme close ups are most commonly used while Vandermark is performing, allowing viewers to see his unwavering focus and passion for his work. From the very beginning of the film,Show MoreRelatedA Career Essay : The Career Of My Dream1111 Words   |  5 Pagesup, they say they want to be doctors, firefighters, astronauts, or billionaires. These are all careers which guarantee a nice, steady, sizeable income and financial stability. 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Treasury and Risk Management Financial Crises

Question: Discuss about theTreasury and Risk Management for Financial Crises. Answer: Introduction: The overall assignment mainly focuses on the role played by derivatives in the 2007 financial crises. In addition, the study evaluates how financial crisis negatively affected the financial market of world economy. Further explanation is been provided whether the crisis would occur again in future. Relative derivatives that is been used by the investors and financial institutions for conducting trade post, during and pre 2007 world crisis. Majority of the financial analyst mainly describes the meltdown of 2007 financial crisis, as the devil casino where investors dealt in debt derivate structure. The CDOs were mainly used as the major derivate option, which resulted in augmentation of financial crisis. Explain the Role of Derivatives in the 2007 Financial Crises: Before the augmentation of the financial crisis, the overall derivative market allowed banks to transfer their mortgage-backed security to investors. The derivatives market mainly allowed the banks to raise capital by selling the mortgage-backed securities (Adebambo, Brockman and Yan 2015). The process used by the banks in distributing the loans to relative hedge funds is depicted as follows. Firstly the banks lend money to the individuals for buying homes Secondly the bank sold the mortgage to Fannie Mae, which allowed banks with additional cash to make new loans Furthermore, the asset-backed mortgage bought by Fannie Mae is resold in the secondary market under name of Mortgage-backed-security (MBS). The overall value of the security is mainly derived from the mortgage bundle. Lastly, the MBS is mainly bought by hedge fund, which then divides the security and only retains low risk investment. The left out securities are then included in new derivatives instrument and sold to other hedge funds. This reselling process is mainly of just a portion of the fund is mainly known as tranche. The overall trading of mortgages was conducted with the help of derivatives, which valued the security based on their underlying asset. However, each financial institutions and hedge fund companies accumulated a large number of mortgage-backed derivatives. Moreover, Warren Buffet mainly labelled the derivatives as financial weapons of mass destruction, which empowered hedge fund managers to accumulate higher debt. Chodorow-Reich (2014) mentioned that credit default swap was mainly conducted to reduce the negative impact on loss occurred from debt. On the other hand, Floyd, Li and Skinner (2015) criticises that increased accumulation of CDOs mainly increased debt accumulation of companies, which raises risk from investment. The derivative options like Asset-backed Commercial Paper, Call Option, Credit Default Swaps, Collateralized Debt Obligations, Commodities Futures, Futures Contract, Interest Rate Swap, Mortgage-backed Securities, Oil Price Futures, Put Option, Stock Options was used by financial institutions. These derivative assets mainly allowed the investors to increase the overall investment exposure. Reinhart (2013) mentioned that use of adequate derivatives instrument mainly allowed investors to take trade higher than the actual asset value. Furthermore, derivatives instruments like Collateral Debt Obligation (CDO) and Credit Default Swap (CDS) were the main reason behind the augmentation of 2007 financial crisis. Figure 1: Depicting the formation of Asset backed Securities (Source: Thebalance.com 2017) The above figure mainly helps in depicting the relevant formation of assets backed securities, which led to the origination of Collateral Debt Obligations (CDO). These CDOs mainly allowed the hedge fund managers to divide the MBS into different segments with risk ratings. The Asset backed Securities are mainly divided into tranches, which depicted the overall risk from investment. Furthermore, for securing the overall CDOs, Credit Default Swaps (CDS) were mainly developed, which reduced the risk from non-payments from investment. Furthermore, the complex derivative market mainly allowed the investors to expand the overall mortgage market, which its performance remained same. Reddy et al. (2014) stated that derivatives does not create or destroy the assets, it just helps in balancing the trades between two investors. The overall derivatives market was unregulated and mainly traded in OTC without the presence of a clearinghouse. This absence of clearing house mainly fails to accommodate the high risk from CDOs, which might hamper return from investment. The unregulated CDOs mainly amounted to $604.6 trillion in OTC derivatives contracts, which was ten times the world GDP. The overall CDS were purchased by investors for subprime derivatives, which helped in reducing the risk from mortgage investment. Furthermore, the extensive use of derivatives market was mainly increasing the risk for investors, as value of the underlying assets was considered. Bourkhis and Nabi (2013) mentioned that banks before the financial crisis provided home loans to everyone without adequate security for payments. Moreover, the derivative market mainly allowed banks to restructure the overall CDOs into new CDOs, which could be traded again in the secondary market. The companies are mainly able to distribute the subprime and high risky mortgage securities in new CDOs, which help in reducing the liabilities in their accounting books. Furthermore, these CDOs were again traded in the secondary market with high rating provided from credit rating agencies. As depicted in the book Fools Gold, companies were mainly able to reduce their subprime securities by creating new CDOs with wrong credit rating. This manipulation conducted by the banks was the major problems, which led to the augmentation of the financial crisis. In this context, Garcia-Appendini and Montoriol-Garriga (2013) argued that Lehman Brothers accumulated high end CDOs, which evaluated the demise during the economic crisis. Furthermore, the demises started with the defaulting of loans, which comprised 98% of the CDOs traded in the secon dary market. The high credit value provided from derivative market mainly increased ability of the investors to raise its investment capacity. Explaining Whether the Crises Could Occur Again: The current market system has been degrading due to decline in capital market during 2013 and 2015. Furthermore, the impact of 2008 financial crises is still seen in the financial market, as companies are trading new derivatives. The CDOs were changed to different derivatives, which are being used on daily basis. In addition, the bailout package used during the financial crises only pumped new money and did not reduce the negative impact of method used by financial institutions. The credit rating agencies, which rated the default CDOs are still rating the new derivative instruments, which could have high risk. Furthermore, the Chinese Banking system could be the major player in augmenting the future financial crisis, as the government controls it. This controlled market rallies conducted by the Chinese government could mainly result in inflating asset value, which was the main reason being the fall of asset market in 2008 (Nasdaq.com 2014). Furthermore, FED interest rate is still 0%, which also added to augmentation of 2007 financial crisis. Armantier et al. (2015) mentioned that he rise in FED interest rates mainly declined the ability of borrowers to pay the interest on their loans. The future rise in interest rate of FED could mainly reduce cash availability of the investors, which could initiate sell calls. In addition, the FED previously raised rate in 2006, which started the loan defaults. This accumulated default loans mainly started to liquidation of financial market. Conclusion: The above discussion mainly depicts the impact of derivative in augmenting the financial crises of 2008. In addition, the different derivatives like Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and Collateral Debt Obligations (CDO) is mainly discussed, which mainly instigated the financial crises of 2008. Furthermore, the increment in residential prices, Chinese banking system and increment in FED interest rate could lead to new future recession. These identified factors mainly increase the chances of new financial crises, which could hamper global financial market. Reference: Adebambo, B., Brockman, P. and Yan, X.S., 2015. Anticipating the 20072008 Financial Crisis: Who Knew What and When Did They Know It?.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(04), pp.647-669. Armantier, O., Ghysels, E., Sarkar, A. and Shrader, J., 2015. Discount window stigma during the 20072008 financial crisis.Journal of Financial Economics,118(2), pp.317-335. Bourkhis, K. and Nabi, M.S., 2013. Islamic and conventional banks' soundness during the 20072008 financial crisis.Review of Financial Economics,22(2), pp.68-77. Chodorow-Reich, G., 2014. The employment effects of credit market disruptions: Firm-level evidence from the 20089 financial crisis.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,129(1), pp.1-59. Floyd, E., Li, N. and Skinner, D.J., 2015. Payout policy through the financial crisis: The growth of repurchases and the resilience of dividends.Journal of Financial Economics,118(2), pp.299-316. Garcia-Appendini, E. and Montoriol-Garriga, J., 2013. Firms as liquidity providers: Evidence from the 20072008 financial crisis.Journal of Financial Economics,109(1), pp.272-291. Nasdaq.com. (2014). [online] NASDAQ.com. Available at: https://www.nasdaq.com/article/8-reasons-why-a-new-global-financial-crisis-could-be-on-the-way-cm383267 [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Reddy, K.S., Nangia, V.K. and Agrawal, R., 2014. The 20072008 global financial crisis, and cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A 26-nation exploratory study.Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies,6(3), pp.257-281. Reinhart, C., 2013. Goodbye inflation targeting, hello fear of floating? Latin America after the global financial crisis. Thebalance.com. (2017). [online] The Balance. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/role-of-derivatives-in-creating-mortgage-crisis-3970477 [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017].

Geoengineering Global Temperature Stabilization

Question: Discuss about theGeoengineeringfor Global Temperature Stabilization. Answer: In the readings and videos, it has been noted that geoengineering for modifying earths climate, has raised several questions regarding its effectiveness, earths climate and adverse effects and regulation. However, the existing legal system and treaty regimens are not satisfactory to adequately monitoring or regulating the processes of geoengineering (Vaughan and Lenton 2011). Thus, the key theme revealed from the reading and videos is the need for the development of a governing framework for geoengineering. Geoengineering is a large-scale human intervention with the earth in order to change the earths climate. There are several techniques made by human intention to manage the climate change and related issues, to control earths climate, global temperature stabilization sucking excess carbon dioxide from the air. However, there are several criticism against geo-engineering. So its the governances question, who can control the technology, how and where these are deployed. A moral question has been raised in this context that would deploying geoengineering technology give us the free pass to continue the carbon polluting activities? There are also social angles of the issue, that who is paying for the technology, who is getting profit from it and who is impacted? Considering the criticism while proceeding with the geoengineering development, we need to develop precautionary principles (Habib 2017). These principles, provided by UNESCO include, proportionality, scientific analysis, scientif ic plausibility, possibility of unacceptable harm, pre-defined intervention, systematic consideration and consequences of moral inaction. There are three important elements of precautionary principles, while considering geoengineering. The first one is the burden of pre-flaws with the advocates to demonstrate the safety of the new geoengineerig technology. The second principle is to incorporate ethical responsibility for maintaining the integrity of natural eco-systems. The third principle is the acknowledgement of fallibility of human understanding. The current international legal framework regulating geoengineering framework is jumbled along with several gaps in the regulation, especially with respect to the regulation in areas beyond the national jurisdiction of solar radiation management methods (Habib 2017). None of the instruments is significant to regulate the geo-engineering methods, highlighting the need for more comprehensive governance model for taking these technologies more seriously in the policy sphere. The development of an international geoengineering governing framework is important to meet several normative governance principles for SRM to these criteria. A multilateral regime is desirable for meeting the normative principles for the regulation of SRM. The international reglations for SRM (solar radiation management) will eliminate the decision on SRM deployment from the community of nonstate players; nonstate actors deployment would violate the governance principles. There is a lack of transparency through the SRM activities, thus, establishing transparency through the regime is important for meeting the principles (Lloyd and Oppenheimer 2014). On the other hand, the incentives for complying with an internationbal framework and the compensation for non-compliance would reduce the chances of unilateral actions, thereby improving the chances of meeting the normative principles of global public consent. Finally, a legal and effective governance regime would be able to decrease the risk of a moral hazard dilemma, whereas mitigating the further weakening of prospects of SRM, through imposing suitable decision-making processes. A successful regime would help to make it difficult to raise the SRM se, relative to the implementation of emission mitigation and adaptation of innovations. Reference List Habib, B., 2017. 09.1 Ben Habib - Geoengineering and the Precautionary Principle. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_UaQVycQUM [Accessed 19 Apr. 2017]. Habib, B., 2017. 09.2 Ben Habib - International Governance of Geoengineering. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MK_WMFStZP0 [Accessed 19 Apr. 2017]. Lloyd, I.D. and Oppenheimer, M., 2014. On the design of an international governance framework for geoengineering.Global Environmental Politics,14(2), pp.45-63. Vaughan, N.E. and Lenton, T.M., 2011. A review of climate geoengineering proposals.Climatic change,109(3-4), pp.745-790.

The effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of two solids Essay Example Essay Example

The effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of two solids Essay Example Paper The effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of two solids Essay Introduction What is the effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of(a) a Salt(b) a Sugarwhen they are placed in(1) Ethanol(2) Water.This is basically asking if solubility is proportional to the temperature of the solvent. The idea is to do it in ethanol and water with a salt and a sugar. This is to test the question in two different liquids (solvents) with two different solids (solutes) to reach a more accurate answer.PredictionsSolubility is the number of grams of the solute that will dissolve in 100 g of the solvent. Some things may dissolve in water but not in other liquids and some things may dissolve in other liquids and not in water.Water is a polar solvent. Polar solvents are liquids whose molecules display a permanent dipole. A dipole has two oppositely charged poles (like a magnet). A molecule with a dipole is a molecule with a positive and a negative end. Ionic compounds are compounds that will split into two or more ions when placed in a liquid. Ions are particles that are p ositively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions). Ionising liquids (polar liquids capable of dissolving ionic compounds) will dissolve ionic compounds well because they can pull both anions (with the positive ends of the molecules) and cations off (with the negative ends of its molecules). Salts are ionic compounds so I would expect them both to dissolve well in water.I am going to use sodium chloride (common or table salt) in my experiment.e.g.NaCl + polar liquidNa+ + Cl- (dissolved in polar liquid)NaCl + H2ONa+(aq) + Cl-(aq)Table Salt + WaterSodium + ChlorideSo when you heat a polar liquid (water) it should dissolve a greater quantity than at room temperature (22-25 degrees C). The liquid molecules have more energy to move around and break the chemical bonds between the sodium and the chloride ions in the compound. They do that by attracting an ion by the oppositely charged end of the dipole in the molecule.Because liquid molecules have more energy to break the chemical bonds between component particles in compounds, I would expect most compounds to dissolve better at high temperatures rather than low temperatures.Ethanol is an organic compound and therefore is likely to be a covalent compound and unlikely to be a polar liquid. I do not expect ethanol to dissolve ionic compounds such as sodium chloride.Most compounds should follow the general rule (a solute will dissolve better when the solvent is at a higher temperature rather than a low temperature). Sugars are not ionic compounds and therefore do not have ionic bonds. Instead they have covalent bonds. Covalent compounds may act differently to ionic compounds and therefore, the liquid molecules may need more or less energy to break the chemical bonds.EquipmentGoggles(to protect the eyes)Tripods(these were needed to support the gauzes and the beakers)Gauzes(these were used to keep the beaker steady and to spread the flame over a larger area under the beaker)Bunsen Burners(these were used for heati ng because out of the heat sources available they are the most efficient and also the easiest to use)Thermometers(they were used to measure the temperature)Beakers(to contain the solvent)Balance(to weigh out the solutes)Mat(to protect the surface of the bench)Unfortunately, due to time and other restrictions, I was not able to use ethanol in my experiments. If ethanol had been used, a water trough would have been needed because ethanol must not be allowed to heat too rapidly and because of its low boiling point (78à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C). This is for safety, because ethanol can catch fire or even explode.ChemicalsH2O(Water)NaCl(Sodium chloride [Common or table salt] )C12H22O11(Sucrose [sometimes called table sugar] )MethodBecause I couldn’t use Ethanol, the question is now :What is the effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of(a) a Salt(b) a Sugarwhen they are placed in(1) Water.1.100 ml of water were placed in a beaker.2.Solid was added in 5g lots at each temperature.3.Th e solid was stirred in with a stirring rod. When all the 5g had dissolved, another 5g was added. This carried on until there was some solid in the bottom of the beaker that wouldn’t dissolve.4.The beaker was heated on a tripod over a Bunsen burner, until it reached the right temperature. When that happened, solid was added in 5g lots until there was some left that wouldn’t dissolve.If the temperature needed was lower than room temperature, the beaker had to be cooled. This was done by placing it in the freezer for a while (done at home).5.When there was solid left on the bottom, which wouldn’t dissolve, it meant the solution had become saturated (no more of the solute could dissolve). When the solution had become saturated at a particular temperature, the amount was recorded (correct to 5g) and another temperature was done. This made each result accurate to 5g.This process was repeated for both solutes (sugar and salt) at 5, 25, 45, 65, 85 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CThis expe riment was a fair test because There was a constant amount of water in each beaker. When the experiment was repeated, all the conditions were kept the same.Key factors which could influence the results were1. The amount of water in each beaker.2. The length of time each amount of solid was given to dissolve.(To save time in the next lesson, a beaker of sugar solution was left in a beaker inside a sealed bag. A week later there were organisms growing in it. They were white and filamentous. This obviously had to be thrown away.)ResultsSALTTemperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Solubility (g of solute per 100g of Solvent)Experiment 1Experiment 2Average530303025303030453030306530303085303030The first results seemed odd, so they were repeated. The second experiment produced identical results. Because it produced the same results, it is likely that they are right and that the first results were not anomalous.SUGARIt was necessary to do the experiment twice, to make sure that the results were correct and not anomalous. When that had been done, the average of the two results could be found. In this case, because both results were the same, the average came out as the same figure. Ideally, if there had been more time, it would have been better to do the experiment three times. As these results came out exactly the same, it is quite a good indicator that they are accurate.Temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Solubility (g of solute per 100g of Solvent)Experiment 1Experiment 2Average510101025454545459595956512512512585195195195(Click on the graph to see an enlarged version of it.)(Click on the graph to see an enlarged version of it.)(Click on the graph to see an enlarged version of it.)On these graphs. The best fit line was calculated by a regression equation (y = a + bx), i.e. Best fit line = Intercept + ( Slope Temperature ). Because of this the line can only be used to predict solubility within the temperature range in the experiment. It should not be used for predictions outside this ran ge.SALTSlope :0Intercept :30SUGARSlope :2.25Intercept :-7.25ConclusionThe results show that the solubility of sugar (sucrose) did increase with temperature but the solubility of salt (sodium chloride) stayed the same at all temperatures.This simplified extract comes from page 161 in the book ‘Principles of Chemistry’:If heat is given off when a particular substance is dissolved in a solvent, then the solubility of that salt in that solvent will decrease with increasing temperature. On the other hand, if heat is absorbed when a particular substance is dissolved in a solvent, then the solubility of that salt in that solvent will increase with increasing temperature.It then goes on to say that most salts’ solubility increases with increasing temperature.SALTSodium chloride doesn’t appear to fit into either category because its solubility doesn’t decrease or increase with increasing temperature.I referred to two books (GCSE Chemistry Classbook and GCSE Chemistry) to check my results. They both confirmed that sodium chloride does keep a constant solubility with increasing temperature. But, they both showed the solubility of salt at 35g. These differed from my results of 30g. My results are probably slightly inaccurate because of two reasons :1. Salt was added in 5g lots so the results were only accurate to 5g. This may mean that my results could have in fact been 32-4g.2. I used tap water which would have sodium ions and chloride ions in. These may account for the last few grammes.The effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of a salt (Sodium Chloride [NaCl] )when placed in water (H2O) (g solute/100g solvent) is nothing. There is no change of solubility at any of the temperatures I have done. Because of this, it may mean that Sodium Chloride is very strongly ionic and can be broken down so easily by water. This would mean that the solution becomes completely saturated straight away.SUGAROn page 163 of ‘Principles of Chemistry’ it says :An ionizing solvent such as water, will not dissolve not only ionic substances but also substances of high polarity. Because sugar dissolves in water, it means that a sugar compound is a substance of high polarity.The effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of a sugar (Sucrose [C12H22O11] ) when placed in water (H2O) is a change in solubility. If the temperature is lowered the solubility gets less and if the temperature is raised the solubility rises. This is because the water molecules have more or less energy to move around and break the chemical bonds. When there is more energy, the molecules can break more of the bonds between the component particles in the compound.Improvements A water bath could have been used to heat the beakers in. This would have allowed the contents to heat less rapidly. The solid could have been added in smaller amounts (e.g. 2g). Or, the solid could have been added (in 5g lots) until the solution was saturated and t hen the rest of the salt in the last lot could be weighed. You could then take that amount away from 5g and it would give you a more accurate saturation point. Using distilled water to cut out Na+ and Cl- ions. The effect of increasing temperature on the solubility of two solids Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Finding Answers to Your Questions About Writing an Essay

Finding Answers to Your Questions About Writing an EssayThe Toefl Essay Sample is one of the many question and answer forums on which individuals can post their essays in order to receive help with writing their essay. Individuals can find a variety of different types of questions that are available, allowing them to decide how they want to begin writing their essay.Individuals who want to write their own essays can benefit from answering these questions before starting to write their essay. These types of question and answers will provide the writer with great information about writing an essay. If the person begins to write their essay without first seeking out help with essay writing, they may never know how they should write their essay.There are several different types of questions that are available on the site, including topics that are helpful for students to look into when they are seeking to get a high score on their essay. These topics include why they are allowed to write an essay, where to find the most help with writing an essay, and where to get the best essay assistance available. Individuals should also look into where to find essay assistance in order to get the best advice available. Those looking to find an essay to be posted on the website can find the best essay assistance by looking for those who have a lot of experience with writing an essay.The Toefl Essay Sample allows writers to post their essay anonymously or with their name listed. In addition, there are different ways for individuals to ask questions, including email and chat. The essay sample allows individuals to either email the site administrator or create a chat forum to ask their questions.In addition to all of the different types of questions that are available on the site, the Toefl Essay Sample provides help with essay writing. One of the ways that the site provides assistance with essay writing is through the Use it Now! Essay Help section. This section allows anyone who is interested in writing an essay to get answers to their specific questions regarding essay writing.These individuals can find answers to some of the most common questions, including how long it takes to write an essay, tips for writing an essay, the most common mistakes made by people when writing an essay, and various other topics. Many individuals find it helpful to look into the FAQ section in order to gain the best answers to their questions. While some may find this section to be a waste of time, others find it helpful.When individuals post their essays in the forums, they can find answers to many of the questions that they might have. Answering questions in a forum allows an individual to gain the answers to any questions that they may have in a short amount of time. By gaining answers to questions that are relevant to them, an individual can determine which answers are correct and which ones are incorrect.When individuals have questions in the Toefl Essay Sample, they can p ost their questions in the forum or in the FAQ section. Both types of sections are available, allowing an individual to choose which type of help they need. One of the best things about the FAQ section is that it will provide the best answer to almost any question. This is especially helpful for people who are unsure about what to write about in their essay.

How to Measure Volume and Density

How to Measure Volume and Density Archimedes needed to determine if a goldsmith had embezzled gold during the manufacture of the royal crown for King Hiero I of Syracuse. How would you find out if a crown was made of gold or a cheaper alloy? How would you know if the crown was a base metal with a golden exterior? Gold is a very heavy metal (even heavier than lead, though lead has a higher atomic weight), so one way to test the crown would be to determine its density (mass per unit volume). Archimedes could use scales to find the mass of the crown, but how would he find the volume? Melting the crown down to cast it into a cube or sphere would make for an easy calculation and an angry king. After pondering the problem, it occurred to Archimedes that he could calculate volume based on how much water the crown displaced. Technically, he didnt even need to weigh the crown, if he had access to the royal treasury since he could just compare the displacement of water by the crown with the displacement of water by an equal volume of the gold the smith was given to use. According to the story, once Archimedes hit upon the solution to his problem, he burst outside, naked, and ran through the streets yelling, Eureka! Eureka! Some of this might be fiction, but Archimedes idea to calculate the volume of an object and its density  if you know the objects weight was fact. For a small object, in the lab, the easiest way to do this is to partly fill a graduated cylinder large enough to contain the object with water (or some liquid in which the object wont dissolve). Record the volume of water. Add the object, being careful to eliminate air bubbles. Record the new volume. The volume of the object is the initial volume in the cylinder subtracted from the final volume. If you have the objects mass, its density is the mass divided by its volume. How to Do It at Home Most people dont keep graduated cylinders in their homes. The closest thing to it would be a liquid measuring cup, which will accomplish the same task, but with a lot less accuracy. There is another way to calculate volume using Archimedes displacement method. Partially fill a box or cylindrical container with liquid.Mark the initial liquid level on the outside of the container with a marker.Add the object.Mark the new liquid level.Measure the distance between the original and final liquid levels. If the container was rectangular or square, the volume of the object is the inside width of the container multiplied by the inside length of the container (both numbers are the same in a cube), multiplied by the distance the liquid was displaced (length x width x height volume). For a cylinder, measure the diameter of the circle inside the container. The radius of the cylinder is 1/2 the diameter. The volume of your object is pi (Ï€, ~3.14) multiplied by the square of the radius multiplied by the difference in liquid levels (Ï€r2h).

Chicago Loangitudinal Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chicago Loangitudinal Study - Essay Example The study can be termed as a prospective cohort study for the simple reason that study was followed up over a period of time for the children with the similar demographic characteristics. Their educational and psychosocial outcomes were observed with input of certain programs and policy intervention schemes. The study did inform that higher participation in the child-Parent center program resulted into higher level of school achievement, higher parent participation, and lower rates of school dropout and so on. Programs and policy interventions were used as manipulative or independent variables to measure its impact on behavior and psychosocial outcome along with children’s increasing capacity to lessen their learning difficulties. Family, school-related many individual factors were used to measure child’s development, their social behavior patterns along with attitudinal differences starting from the early days and then throughout the school-age years. Such intensive study was never conducted ever before in the history. A great deal of information was collected and examined through class room adjustment, parent participation, special education placement. Educational expectations of all concerned especially students and parents were also understood with altered programs and policy interventions as an independent variable. All children under study were born in 1980 and belonged to the same community and geographical location. So in a sense it was not only a longitudinal but a detailed cohort study giving a lot of insight on their response characteristics. Data from table 1 clearly reveals that impact of government intervention programs on children’s educational achievement was considerable, when sample characteristics of ‘CPC Preschool’ and ‘No CPC Preschool groups’ are compared in reference to the original and age 14 samples. ‘CPC Preschool’ children outsmarts ‘No CPC Preschool’ group in development

The effect of oil and gas to Qatar's economy Research Paper

The effect of oil and gas to Qatar's economy - Research Paper Example s from exporting various products, every industrial giant within these nations consume massive amount of oil in order to maintain smooth functionality in the operations and thus contribute to the overall economic development of the nations. In terms of Qatar’s economic condition and position, recent reports project that the nation experiences a real growth rate of about 5.5 % and is ranked 44th position in terms of world ranking. The per capita income of this nation was $102,100 in terms of world ranking till the year 2013. Observably, the nations is ranked 3rd in terms of gross national savings, 19th in terms of crude oil production and 6th in terms of natural gas production (Central Intelligence Agency, â€Å"The World Factbook† ). By taking into concern the findings of this particular study, the null hypothesis to be tested in this study will be, â€Å"The oil and gas segment has no considerable impact on Qatar’s economy has been validated†. Research Evaluation Technique. The information accumulated from the research work certainly helps in determining the validity of the above-depicted null hypothesis. It can be affirmed that the research question is mainly structured with the intention of understanding that how oil and gas sector being the primary sector in the Qatari economy impose extensive impact specifically on the governments’ revenue earnings, governmental export process, economic liquidity rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the nation. It would be vital to mention in this similar concern that the above-portrayed null hypothesis has been designed in such a way so that there occurs a high possibility of getting it rejected at the time when the findings of the research are revealed. This literature review section has been formulated completely depending upon the secondary data sources. This method implemented for literature review in this study includes the effective evaluation of the various online journals, reports and government websites.

Outsourcing in Strategic Management Accounting Essay

Outsourcing in Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the concept of migrating internal business processes or functions to an outside organization may seem quite appealing on the surface. Reducing internal resource constraints and corporate expenditures and increasing quality may make service providers a potent draw. Today more types of services are available than ever before. Among other things, we can choose to outsource our network infrastructure, e-mail services, Web applications, and collaboration activities. Over the last decade, the attitude of businesses toward outsourcing has undergone a change of opinion reflecting the need to compete globally and focus on core competencies. Most processes have traditionally been kept in-house where it was thought they could be controlled most effectively. For many companies, an outsourcing decision represents the longest and largest financial commitment the company will make. The selection of an outsourcing partner will directly affect the comp any's growth and future performance. In short, the outsourcing decision is critical to the company's future success. However, without careful planning and preparation, our outsourcing project can easily result in lost revenue, added expenses, and, potentially, litigation. In order to reach efficiency that believed can obviate company from bankruptcy, a lot of method and concept are have been developed. One of them is by doing outsourcing. However, besides promising many strategic benefits, it also brings consequence of the appearance of strategic risk. The growth of outsourcing over the last century has been driven by the ever-expanding quest to improve productivity, reduce costs, and deliver greater value to customers and shareholders. Outsourcing decision is taken by all managed to improve their company performance that is related to process business, which is not representing core competence or core business. Expected by â€Å"delivering† the management process to other co mpany (as a business partner), which is owning core business in the area, process with the optimal performance will be created.

The Name Judith :: essays research papers

Is it important to know what is behind your name? Now in days, many names are given without knowing their meanings or where they come from. For example, I was given the name of Judith just because my parents heard it and liked it. It depends where and in which culture were they raised. For this purpose I researched my name Judith. Some of the main points I found were interesting to me like the history and my personality. First, the history of my name Judith obtains interesting and important facts such as meanings, famous people in the world, and culture. Judith's origin is Hebrew, meaning "Praise" Dictionary of First Names, Alfred J. Kolatch (393). There is also famous people from the past, for example, "In the old testament Judith was one of the wives of Esau". Parentsoup.com/babynames/meanings.html. Another famous person from the past was, "The beatiful heroine in the book of Judith (in the Apocrypha.) Kolatch (393). With this in mind, it is interesting to know that my name has been used for thousands of years; However, in my culture not many people are named after Judith. My name is more commun on the Asian continent, where it was originated. Another fact is that personality can be described just by the name. An example, on my research I found web sites with my name wich described my personality. Kabalarians.com/male/judith.htm., "Judith is happiest when associating with singing, dancing, and having a good time." Accordingly, all this quote describes me perfectly because I always like to be happy and having a good time with my friends. For example, If I am spending time with my friends, I like to be thinking positive and enjoying it as much as I can. I have never liked to see any of my friends sad or with problems, if that is the case I try to cheer them up. I also found some weaknesses, kabalarians.htm., "Over indulgence in food or emotional desires could cause you to have problems in your nervous system." Without a doubt this totally describes me. There is times when emotional desires get to me and take time to get them out of my activities.

Microsoft Corporation Case Analysis Essay

Industry Evaluation Software is an integral part of today’s uncertain economy, as the push for greater globalization and efficiency drives much of the spending in business markets around the world. In order to maintain a competitive edge in an increasingly competitive global market, companies are spending more and more on hardware and software infrastructures (Yahoo!Finance, 2006). Microsoft is among 413 companies that produce and distribute application software products and services. These companies are all part of the Application Software industry within the technology sector, which is dominated by one software giant; Microsoft. More specifically, Microsoft is categorized into the Developmental Tools, Operating Systems, and Utility Software subindustry, which includes companies that â€Å"design, develop, market, and support software for developing, testing, and debugging applications; for computer maintenance; and for desktop management† (Hoovers.com, 2006). Microsoft, Oracle Corp, CA Inc., and SAP Aktiengesellschaft, with a four-firm concentration ratio of 39% dominate the industry. Most of the other 411 firms in the industry specialize in smaller niches, providing specialized software services such as accounting, business management, etcetera, and have profits under $1 billion per year. For this reason, the computer application industry has monopolistic competition (MSN Money, 2006). The top-selling software company is currently Microsoft, with $41.4 billion in sales in 2005, and is joined in the competitive arena by other top sellers such as Oracle Corp. with $12.9 billion and SAP Aktiengesellschaft with $10.4 billion. Other industry leaders in sales include CA Inc., Intuit Inc., Adobe Systems Inc., B.M.C. Software, Compuware Corp., and Novell Inc., each experiencing revenues exceeding $1 billion during 2005. Within the Developmental Tools, Operating Systems, and Utility Software subindustry, top competitors include Microsoft, International Business Machines (IBM), SAP Aktiengesellschaft, and Computer Associates International, who ranked a respective first, second, third, and fourth in application software sales (Yahoo!Finance, 2006). The Computer Software industry is largely dominated by Microsoft, which commands 54% of market sales among its top ten competitors, as listed above. The following chart details the market share of these ten main players in the industry (Yahoo!Finance, 2006): Within the legal environment, the software industry has been shaken by  several recent regulations that are revitalizing industries within the business market of the United States. Among them are the US Patriot Act, which dictates that companies providing financial services must have the ability to detect the occurrence of money laundering; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which mandates that companies provide â€Å"real-time disclosure of events that might affect their financial performance and deep records of e-mail and instant messages exchanged between employees† (Yahoo!Finance, 2006). Finally, antitrust laws have been an ongoing threat to the industry. Microsoft has finally reached a settlement after an ongoing antitrust investigation, and agreed to allow manufacturers to include competing software with Windows and uniformly license its operating systems (Antitrust Case Filings, 2006). New technological developments are revitalizing the software industry. The most recent and significant development includes a new set of web-friendly applications that, as of yet, has no official name. These web services can be assembled from standardized building blocks, meaning that any number of applications may be assembled in a variety of ways. Because of this, companies are able to develop enterprise applications to run on a wide range of software and hardware infrastructures and cater to the specific demands of their respective market segments. The companies that will maintain market share in the up-and-coming web era are those that are able to develop products that will be compatible on a wide range of hardware platforms. Massive consolidations have recently become characteristic of the software industry. Largely due to acquisitions, IBM’s software holdings have grown a great deal. Small specialists companies face the greatest danger from large software providers such as Oracle, who recently acquired PeopleSoft and Siebel for $10.3 and $5.9 billion, respectively. If growth slows in their subindustries, these small companies who cater to specific niches become vulnerable to large companies offering extensive suites of enterprise applications that serve a variety of functions such as the industry leaders (Yahoo!Finance, 2006). Following suit after other mature industries such as electronics and apparel,  a large number of IT and software providers have begun outsourcing much of their manufacturing and R&D functions to countries outside of the United States. Software companies are now able to hire manufacturers and product developers in countries such as India, Mexico, and China for much less than it would cost in the U.S. (MSN Money, 2006) The tragedy of the September 11 terrorist attacks as well as other post 9/11 attacks prompted another significant trend in the software industry when the United States government cranked down on security. By restructuring their communication systems, they opened a door to struggling software providers who began to provide new, more secure applications to governmental departments and agencies (Yahoo!Finance, 2006) A final trend reflects the popularity of Linux and other open-source code operating systems. While the Linux operating system is probably the most widely known and widely used open source code, the idea of open source is gaining momentum and popularity. Companies that provide their products for a nominal subscription fee and generate income based on training and support services have adopted the open source concept as a counter-intuitive business model, with which they counter the more traditional selling of products for profit model (Hill and Jones, 2005). Once online collaboration and word processing applications are fully developed and grow in usage and popularity, the researchers predict that the software industry will see a rise in sales of those kinds of products, and possibly a decline in the sale of PC compatible product that serve the same types of functions. The reason for this is that once these tools are available, consumers will realize that they may access and edit their documents or projects from any computer or PDA with internet access, without having to worry about being on the specific machine or machines that contain the documents they need. Currently, almost all users of open source software are computer-savvy programming professionals. In the future however, more consumers will use this type of software for business and personal use. This is forecasted by a  growing number of applications developed from open source codes such as Linux, as well as increasing popularity of these programs. If this comes to pass, then Linux and other open source applications and operating systems may accumulate market share, thus depriving it from Microsoft and Oracle. Strategic Evaluation Microsoft supports a number of values that translate into goals that the company strives to attain. These goals include doing business with honesty and integrity; to have passion for customers, partners, and technology; to be open and respectful, to take on big challenges and see through them; constructive self-criticism, self-improvement, and personal excellence; to help foster growth and innovation, and to be accountable to customers, shareholders, partners, and employees for commitments, results, and quality. These goals, however, are immeasurable, intangible, and unspecific. There is no timeline for achieving them, and no way to determine whether or not they have been acheived. There are, however, more specific goals that the company hopes to attain that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and tangible. Goals for the future include making technology available to one quarter of a billion people by 2010. Another goal is to fuse together Windows development and Web development to enrich Windows applications (Stu, 2003). By doing this, Microsoft may be able to convince consumes to use the rich application features of Windows. Another goal is to unify the disparate Windows communications and enterprise technologies into a common and simple framework that is competitive with Java Enterprise Edition. Microsoft needs to provide an alternative to this model unless it wants to see Java retain its lock on the server software market. This goal is consistant with Microsoft’s approach of taking the lead in developing a new computing standard. (Microsoft, 2006) The mission statement of Microsoft Corporation is â€Å"At Microsoft, we work to help people and businesses throughout the world  realize their full potential. This is our mission. Everything we do reflects this mission and the values that make it possible.†- Microsoft, 2006 The mission statement is clear in representing Microsoft as dedicated in providing the best products to help its customers achieve and â€Å"realize their full potential†. The mission statement is strong, and is very personable by saying â€Å"At Microsoft†, and repeating that this is Microsoft’s mission statement. The statement repeats itself in the third sentence, saying, â€Å"everything we do reflects† helping everyone in the world understand his or her â€Å"full potential†. Using words to repeat parts of the mission statement makes it bolder to the reader. The statement is broad enough to allow the company to expand into unfamiliar markets or businesses, or both. However, it is narrow enough that it focuses the company on aiding people in reaching their fullest potential. By adhering to this mission statement, employees at Microsoft look to the customers, not the shareholders, as the reason the company exists. It is clear to express that the company does not exist solely to make a profits or please shareholders. It reflects the desire of the management at Microsoft to make a difference in the world and help those who wish to success do so. Functional Review Marketing Analysis Microsoft focuses on the development of software, which includes products such as Office, Project, Visio, FoxPro, and more. The software packages aide in the creation of business documents, databases, and projects, as well as helps consumers manage their day-to-day lives. Microsoft has seven different product divisions: Client, Server and Tools, Information Worker, Microsoft Business Solution, MSN, Mobile and Embedded Devices, and Home and Entertainment (Microsoft, 2006). The Client segment has responsibility for engineering, product delivery, and technical architecture for the Windows product family. It also handles Microsoft’s  relationships with personal computer manufacturers, including multinational and regional original equipment manufacturer accounts (SEC, 2006). Server and Tools is responsible for the server system products and all related services. These services include providing advice for requirements needed for the system to operate properly, custom solution services, and business application planning for the operating systems. Information Worker involves licensing software to several types of users such as small to large corporations, homes, and specialized categories like students. This division releases a major change in software every two to three years. Microsoft Business Solutions deals primarily with â€Å"developing and marketing offerings to manage financial, customer relationship and supply chain management functions for small and midsize businesses, large organizations and divisions of global enterprises. MSN is accountable for delivering online services that look to empower users by bringing them to the people and information that matter most. The Mobile and Embedded Devices section is responsible for the marketing and development of products that extend the advantages of the Windows platform to many types of devices. The Home and Entertainment segment is in charge of production, development, and marketing for the Xbox video gaming system (SEC, 2006). Another way Microsoft is continuing to broaden their customer base is by establishing itself into the gaming industry. An example of this is the innovative Xbox 360 Microsoft launched during the 2005 Christmas season. Microsoft has begun to explore new markets, like television, with the rising success of the Xbox 360 and the changing demographics. Microsoft realizes that demographics are changing to a younger generation and efforts must be made to accommodate their needs as well. (Wikipedia, 2006) In the past, Microsoft’s target market has been men of the ages of eighteen through thirty-four. The company is currently expanding the market it targets by experimenting with two methods of reaching the seventeen and younger age group. The first is through the gaming industry, with the release of the Xbox gaming system. The company is also developing a television show to reach this age group (Goo, 2006). Another strategy Microsoft is pursuing involves meeting its global clientele where they are  in terms of their economic and financial needs (Evers, 2006). These changes in strategy and products reflect Microsoft’s goal of expanding its target market. While there is risk involved with these changes, there is also the potential for returns above a normal profit. Another way Microsoft is continuing to broaden their customer base is by establishing itself into the gaming industry. An example of this is the innovative Xbox 360 Microsoft launched during the 2005 Christmas season. Microsoft has begun to explore new markets, like television, with the rising success of the Xbox 360 and the changing demographics. Microsoft realizes that demographics are changing to a younger generation and efforts must be made to accommodate their needs as well. (Wikipedia, 2006) Microsoft has established a presence in the international market. The headquarters, including most of the research and development centers, is located in Redmond, Washington. The company has several manufacturing facilities to meet supply needs on a global scale. These facilities are located in various places such as: Dublin, Ireland, Humacao, Puerto Rico, Reno, Nevada and Singapore just to name a few locations. Microsoft currently employees 40,081 in North America and 63,564 world-wide to help them meet growing demand for their products (Microsoft, 2006). Microsoft uses a wide variety of media to influence the demand of their products. Traditional types of advertising are used for global campaigns including television, print, and Internet (Microsoft.com, 2006). The company uses computer magazines to compare companies or products such as the case of Linux versus Microsoft. Microsoft’s goal is to reach a certain target market. In addition, Microsoft is implementing a new advertising campaign using the Internet in competition with Yahoo and Google. In the campaign, customers will be asked to fill out a survey; from there the data will be used to display personal ads of interest to the consumer. If a consumer chooses not to fill out the survey the company will provide them with general ads that are generated from the search. The goal in the long-run is to learn the customers want and needs for future purchases (Oser, 2006). The manufacturing function for most of Microsoft’s products is outsourced. A vendor supplies the parts needed to assemble the Xbox gaming system. This outsourcing strategy can be a drawback on two counts. Firstly, Microsoft relinquishes some control of the pricing of this product because it cannot control the manufacturing costs. Secondly, there is a threat of the manufacturer leaking product knowledge to Microsoft’s competitors. At the same time however, Microsoft has no legal obligation to the manufacturer, and can manufacture these products internally. Microsoft employs several vendors to supply parts that Microsoft manufactures. These components are purchased at a discount rate, and Microsoft keeps excess inventory in stock in case of shortages (Microsoft, 2006). The company has decided to do an 18 month campaign to advertise the differences between Microsoft and Linux giving the benefits of using our products. Some advantages to Microsoft’s products include: being user-friendly software and applications, as well as having a strong reputation in that area. Therefore, the cost would be greater to retrained employee how to use Linux software in the business industry for server application use. In dealing with more recent security issues, Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) has a code-flaw in the browser that makes it vulnerable to hackers. This flaw can allow hackers to infect a system with various code-scripts, which puts the system under attack. To have security issues associated with the company’s name can produce a bad reputation. Microsoft’s goals are to have compassion for customers, for partners, and technology. The company wants to train and make technology available to a quarter of the billion people in the world by 2010. In addition, Microsoft shows passion towards customers by offering specialized advertisements to expose the varied selection of products to the consumer. Another goal is to exhibit openness and respectfulness, which will gain a huge amount of respect from the consumer. This is achieved by receiving feedback from our employees, government agencies, and community leaders which will lead to improve Microsoft’s business. Microsoft is staying on task of taking on large challenges by endeavoring to change their demographics of customers. In addition, the  company takes constructive criticism, and uses this as a way to improve; criticism in forms of comments and suggestions. Microsoft will accomplish this task through research and development and feedback. Other goals are to give personal excellence, and have accountability to customers, shareholders, partners, and employees for commitments, results, and quality. These achievable tasks would help Microsoft stay in the business for years to come (Microsoft, 2006). Production Analysis Microsoft alters its products to me needs of its global customers. The company translates the text and changes the appearance of its applications to make them understandable in that language. This is one reason Microsoft has a reputation for being developing user-friendly applications for its consumers. Other tasks the company is involved with include processing orders, payment options, processing needed information, and supplier management (Microsoft.com, 2006). These tasks are essential to maintaining good relations with Microsoft’s customers and suppliers. In addition, these tasks make it possible to make necessary changes when there are problems in distribution or manufacturing of Microsoft’s software. Microsoft outsources all of its manufacturing function except for a few, including the assemblage of the Xbox 360. A vendor supplies the needed parts for this product. This action can be a drawback because it limits Microsoft in its ability to control pricing aspects of this product. There is also the threat that suppliers will share the knowledge of this product with Microsoft’s competitors. Although this is a threat, Microsoft is under the no legal obligation to continue working with that supplier. Several vendors supply parts for all other products Microsoft assembles. Components for these products are purchased at a discount. Microsoft keeps an inventory of spare parts on hand if needed (Microsoft, 2006). Management Analysis Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in 1975, and in a few years, they  expanded to Bellevue, Washington from Albuquerque, New Mexico. From there, Microsoft began creating and developing new and revolutionary technology. In 1981, â€Å"IBM introduced its personal computer with Microsoft’s 16-bit operating system, MS-DOS 1.0† (Microsoft, 2006). Because of its quality, this operating system became popular. Microsoft’s stock went public. Over the next twenty years, Microsoft created more technical and versatile operating systems such as Windows 95, 98, and the current Windows XP. This success has lead to worldwide expansion creating thousands of jobs. â€Å"Microsoft is the world’s largest software company with over 50,000 employees in various countries as of May 2004† (Microsoft, 2006). Microsoft has become a needed portion of the personal computing market in which many PC retailers have sold their machines pre-equipped with Microsoft’s software. Because of its large and substantial business, Microsoft was found to be a monopoly among computer software and because of this, Microsoft has experience financial success. In 1998, a lawsuit found that Microsoft was using its â€Å"monopoly power to defeat its competitors† (Reference.com, 2006). Microsoft appealed and showed how changing their company’s operations would bring the financial success down increasingly. A board of directors, who play a major role in decision-making and many fundamentals of the company, run Microsoft. The Chief Executive Officer is Steven Ballmer who â€Å"joined with Microsoft in 1980 and was the first business manager hired by Bill Gates† (Microsoft, 2006). In 1998, Ballmer was appointed President and this gave him full responsibility for running the corporation. 2 years later, he became CEO (in 2000) and this gave him full privilege over all the managers and staff of Microsoft. Following Ballmer is James I. Cash, Jr, Dina Dublon, Bill Gates, Raymond V. Gilmartin, Ann McLaughlin Korologos, David F. Margaurdt, Charles H. Noski, Helmut Panke and Jon A. Shirley. A lot of talent and skill is required to work in any position at Microsoft. They seek out motivated individuals who are experienced in communications and leadership. The purpose for finding such trained individuals is to lower training costs of the company. The â€Å"Corporate Operations is Microsoft’s backbone, constructing, managing, and running the various services that support the company’s 50,000 employees† (Microsoft, 2006). This statement shows that Microsoft is dependent on two sections of their management staff; the corporate and administrative services. These departments are responsible for management, public relations, providing company-wide administrative support, building new office space, and other tasks. Financial Analysis Microsoft Corporation has achieved excellence in since 1975 in the application software industry. They finished the 2005 fiscal year with a market capitalization of $288.20 billion, doubling the closest competitor, IBM which came in second in market capitalization with $131.00 billion, and an industry average of a low $136.51 million (Hoovers, 2006). Microsoft Corporation has been enjoying a steady growth in revenue over the past three fiscal years. This has been achieved with the growing popularity of PC use in the world over this time period. Microsoft’s preliminary estimates showed a growth of worldwide PC shipments from 11% to 13%, â€Å"and total server hardware shipments grew approximately 13% to 14%† during the 2005 fiscal year compared to fiscal year 2004 (Yahoo! Finance). This has caused a growth in revenue of 8% from $36,835 million to $39,788 million from fiscal year 2004 to 2005 (U.S. SEC). This revenue growth was â€Å"driven by growth in licensing of Windows Server operating systems and other server application, licensing of Windows Client operating systems through OEMs, and increased licensing of Office and other Information Worker products† (Yahoo! Finance). The 2004 fiscal year ended with an overall growth of $4,648 billion from the previous fiscal year 2003, an increase of over 12%. Over the past five years, Microsoft Corporation has generated revenue of over $162 billion. This is an increase of 73% and about $75 billion of this is derived from net cash flow from operations. Shareholders received a return of $69 billion of this revenue in dividends and stock repurchases. With the launching of the Xbox 360, Windows Vista, and newer versions of existing software in 2006 fiscal year, Microsoft expects to have an equal or larger  increase of the past five years in the next five years (Microsoft, 2006). Net income for the fiscal year 2005 was $12,254 which is an increase of $4,086 million from the 2004 fiscal year. This is due to small decreases in operating expenses from the previous year with emphasis on research and development, a decrease of over $1.5 billion. Although decreasing in fiscal year 2005, a large jump in expenses occurred from fiscal year 2003 to 2004. Microsoft increased their total operating expenses by $5,159 million to $27,801 million in fiscal year 2004. Although decreasing expenses worked for the fiscal year 2005, decreases in research and development in the future might cause the industry to get the edge on Microsoft and revenues decrease (Microsoft, 2006). Operating income has also increased substantially during these two fiscal years with a total increase of 61%. Although it had a 5% decline from fiscal year 2003 to fiscal year 2004, operating income jumped from a marginal $9,034 million in 2004 to an excellent $14,561 million in fiscal year ending 2005 (U.S. SEC). According to Yahoo! Finance, the operating income increase for fiscal year 2005 was driven by a decline in stock-based compensation expense; increased revenue in Server and Tools, Client, and Information Worker; and a reduction in legal costs associated with major litigation. Some key ratios will point out Microsoft’s position in accordance to the industry. Holding a total debt to equity ratio of 0.00, compared to 0.03 of the industry, Microsoft has showed that they have successfully controlled their assets without any debt, dating back as far as fiscal year 1996. The total debt to total asset ratio also confirms these successes with a low 0.33. This has a great statistic from an investor or shareholders eyes because there is potential for a high payout. Microsoft has a current ratio of 2.8, compared to the industries average of 2.3. This shows us that Microsoft can pay off any debt that may occur, and can continue operating with cash left over. The quick ratio is currently at 2.5 with an industry average of 2.1. Because this number is so close in comparison with the current ratio, this tells us that Microsoft is not dependent on their inventory. These three financial ratios show us that Microsoft Corporation  is achieving excellence in comparison to the industry (MSN, 2006). Both the gross profit margin and the net profit margin percentages will show us the financial health of the company. Microsoft Corporation’s net profit margin is over 7% higher that the industries average, at 30.8% compared to 23.5%. This tells us that 31.6% of the company’s revenue can be kept as profit. Fiscal year 2005 is an increase of 8.6% from fiscal year 2004 and a small decrease of 0.2% from fiscal year 2003. Their gross profit margin is 87.3%, compared to 82.6% of the industries average. Although the industries average of these two ratios is healthy as well, Microsoft still holds better percentages (MSN, 2006). The company’s price ratios will show some different trends in comparison to the industry from the other ratios presented. Although the earnings per share (EPS) are currently much higher than the industry average and the previous year, it is lower than some of the direct competitors. The EPS in the fiscal year 2005 was 1.13, which is considerably higher than the industries average of 0.15. This is not a bad ratio if you own share in the company, but two of the closest competitors is producing a much higher rate; Google’s EPS is at 5.021 and IBM’s is at 4.875. Although this might turn some investors away, numbers have been improving over the past three years. Fiscal year 2003 had an EPS of only $0.70 but increased to $0.76 in fiscal year 2004. The large increase came in fiscal year 2005 when EPS increased almost $0.40 to $1.13. With the latest innovations Microsoft has developed, these numbers will increase as investors see the future of Microsoft. Microsoft price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is more attractive than EPS with a ratio of 22.9. Although conservative investors may feel this number is too high, this ratio is much better than the industry average of 27.3 which might influence these investors to invest in Microsoft instead of the direct competitors (MSN, 2006). Management effectiveness ratios like return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) will show us how well the management at Microsoft Corporation is doing. With an ROA of 19.4%, over 5% higher than the industry average of 13.9%, Microsoft is very profitable in relation to the total assets of the  company. This is a substantial increase from 8.8% and 12.6% in fiscal year 2004 and 2003 respectively. The profit per dollar, or ROE of Microsoft, is 29.5%. This is close to 7% higher than the industry average of 22.6% and 18.6% than fiscal year 2004. This shows that Microsoft Corporation is achieving a higher profit from their investors per dollar in comparison to the industries. Although there was a large increase from fiscal year 2004 to 2005, a decrease of 5.5% occurred between fiscal year 2003 and 2004 (MSN, 2006). The efficiency of the company is struggling in comparison to the industry in one way, inventory turnover. The inventory turnover is currently much lower than the industries. With a low 8.1 compared to 28.4 of the industry average, Microsoft’s inventory turnover might indicate poor sales. Both Microsoft and the industry average of asset turnover are 0.6, indicating that 0.6 of every dollar is revenue. Microsoft is doing a better job than the industry in comparing the accounts receivable turnover, but not a significant amount. The accounts receivable turnover is at 5.7 with an industry average of 5.2. Both Microsoft and the industry are collecting payments from its customers in a timely manner. They are, however, significantly behind S&P 500 which has an accounts receivable turnover ratio of 7.5 (MSN, 2006). A thorough research of cash flows will show the company heading in the right direction. Net operating, investing, and financing cash flows all increased from the fiscal year 2004 to 2005. Fiscal year 2005 showed an increase of 14% to $16.61 billion in cash flow from operations. This is derived from an increase in cash receipts from customers driven by the 8% revenue growth of the company. Cash payments decreased by approximately $1.8 billion from the previous year from binding legal settlements. These factors played the major role in the increase of operating cash flow. Keeping operating cash flows down was payments to the 7% increase in full-time employees added during the fiscal year 2005. This is a great recovery from fiscal year 2004 considering operating cash flow dropped by $1.17 billion from fiscal year 2003. Over two billion of this was from the Sun Microsystems settlement and the European Commission fine. The small offsetting gain is from increases cash receipts  from customers. Net financing cash flow showed a large increase from $2.36 billion in fiscal year 2004 to $41.08 billion in fiscal year 2005. This increase is driven by an additional $34.38 billion of cash dividends paid, and an additional $4.67 billion in cash used for common stock repurchases in fiscal year 2005 from fiscal year 2004. Net financing cash flow did have a substantial decrease from fiscal year 2003 to 2004 of almost $3 billion. However, this decrease is due the company not repurchasing common stock in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2004 and an increase of $628 million from stock issuances of employee stock option exercises. An increase of $872 million in cash dividends during this fiscal year offset the numbers provided. Net investing cash flow for fiscal year 2005 was $15.03 billion, an increase of $18.37 billion from the previous year. Investment maturities that occurred to fund cash dividends paid increased by $23.59 billion in fiscal year 2005. Offsetting this figure was the decrease of $5.32 billion in cash from sale activity and investment purchases. Cash used for investing was $3.34 billion in fiscal year 2004, a decrease of $3.88 billion from fiscal year 2003 (Microsoft, 2006). Model Analysis The Boston Consulting Group Matrix is a representation of the status of Microsoft in the current market. There are four different categories that fall under the matrix, Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks and Dogs. The highest category and most self-efficient is the â€Å"Stars† with very high growth and high share. Next in the matrix: â€Å"Cash Cows,† which are low in growth and high in shares. The third category in the matrix is the â€Å"Question Marks† which are high in growth and low in shares. Last are the â€Å"Dogs† which are very low in both growth and shares. Microsoft would be placed in the â€Å"Stars† category simply because the company is constantly growing and is very self-sustaining. Strategic Alternatives 1. Develop a Microsoft version of open source software by exploiting Microsoft’s distinctive competency for developing software. This will give  Microsoft an edge in the open market by allowing it to effectively compete with current alternatives to Microsoft products, such as Linux, Sun Systems, and other open source/free software products. This alternative will give Microsoft the opportunity to increase its revenues by offering support services and training for these products. 2. Acquire Red Hat Inc. or another successful Linux provider. By combining the rising popularity of the open source concept with the ongoing success of Microsoft’s application software, the image of Microsoft will improve and launch the company into the increasingly popular open source market. 3. Improve current product line. Increase research and development spending to improve the dependability and security of current products. Then, implement an advertising campaign through several mediums to stress the superior quality of Microsoft’s products.